diff --git a/server/src/db/models/index.ts b/server/src/db/models/index.ts
index 0969eafc6..537633bfd 100644
--- a/server/src/db/models/index.ts
+++ b/server/src/db/models/index.ts
@@ -5,3 +5,5 @@ export { Role } from "./auth/Role.js";
 export type { IRole } from "./auth/Role.js";
 export type { IInvite } from "./auth/Invite.js";
 export { Invite } from "./auth/Invite.js";
+export { Migration } from "./migration/Migration.js";
+export type { IMigration } from "./migration/Migration.js";
diff --git a/server/src/db/models/migration/Migration.ts b/server/src/db/models/migration/Migration.ts
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..cf76bb48e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/server/src/db/models/migration/Migration.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,34 @@
+import mongoose, { Schema, Document, Types } from "mongoose";
+
+export interface IMigration extends Document {
+	_id: Types.ObjectId;
+	name: string;
+	runAt: Date;
+	success: boolean;
+	createdAt: Date;
+	updatedAt: Date;
+}
+
+const migrationSchema = new Schema<IMigration>(
+	{
+		name: {
+			type: String,
+			required: true,
+		},
+		runAt: {
+			type: Date,
+			required: false,
+		},
+		success: {
+			type: Boolean,
+			required: false,
+		},
+	},
+	{
+		timestamps: true,
+	}
+);
+
+migrationSchema.index({ name: 1 }, { unique: true });
+
+export const Migration = mongoose.model<IMigration>("Migration", migrationSchema);
diff --git a/server/src/db/mongo/migration/0001_migrateStatusWindowThreshold.js b/server/src/db/mongo/migration/0001_migrateStatusWindowThreshold.ts
similarity index 90%
rename from server/src/db/mongo/migration/0001_migrateStatusWindowThreshold.js
rename to server/src/db/mongo/migration/0001_migrateStatusWindowThreshold.ts
index 8f6988de4..b44487e87 100644
--- a/server/src/db/mongo/migration/0001_migrateStatusWindowThreshold.js
+++ b/server/src/db/mongo/migration/0001_migrateStatusWindowThreshold.ts
@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 import Monitor from "../../models/Monitor.js";
+export const MIGRATION_NAME = "0001_migrateStatusWindowThreshold";
 async function migrateStatusWindowThreshold() {
 	try {
 		const monitors = await Monitor.find({ statusWindowThreshold: { $lt: 1 } });
diff --git a/server/src/db/mongo/migration/0002_migrateUsers.ts b/server/src/db/mongo/migration/0002_migrateUsers.ts
index 196ac6793..a7cdb76fc 100644
--- a/server/src/db/mongo/migration/0002_migrateUsers.ts
+++ b/server/src/db/mongo/migration/0002_migrateUsers.ts
@@ -1,5 +1,8 @@
 import { User, Role } from "../../models/index.js";
+import { Types } from "mongoose";
+
 import { DEFAULT_ROLES } from "../../../service/v2/business/AuthService.js";
+export const MIGRATION_NAME = "0002_migrateUsers";
 async function migrateUsers() {
 	try {
 		// Create roles if they don't exist
@@ -21,20 +24,24 @@ async function migrateUsers() {
 			$or: [{ version: { $exists: false } }, { version: { $lt: 2 } }],
 		});
 		for (const user of users) {
+			const newRoleIds: Types.ObjectId[] = [];
+
 			for (const role of user.role || []) {
 				if (role === "superadmin") {
 					const superAdminRole = roles.find((role) => role.name === "SuperAdmin");
-					user.roles.push(superAdminRole!._id);
+					newRoleIds.push(superAdminRole!._id);
 				}
 				if (role === "admin") {
 					const managerRole = roles.find((role) => role.name === "Manager");
-					user.roles.push(managerRole!._id);
+					newRoleIds.push(managerRole!._id);
 				}
 				if (role === "user") {
 					const memberRole = roles.find((role) => role.name === "Member");
-					user.roles.push(memberRole!._id);
+					newRoleIds.push(memberRole!._id);
 				}
 			}
+			const merged = [...new Set([...user.roles, ...newRoleIds])];
+			user.roles = merged;
 			user.version = 2;
 			await user.save();
 		}
diff --git a/server/src/db/mongo/migration/index.js b/server/src/db/mongo/migration/index.js
deleted file mode 100644
index 2a1da4148..000000000
--- a/server/src/db/mongo/migration/index.js
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,9 +0,0 @@
-import { migrateStatusWindowThreshold } from "./0001_migrateStatusWindowThreshold.js";
-import { migrateUsers } from "./0002_migrateUsers.js";
-
-const runMigrations = async () => {
-	await migrateStatusWindowThreshold();
-	await migrateUsers();
-};
-
-export { runMigrations };
diff --git a/server/src/db/mongo/migration/index.ts b/server/src/db/mongo/migration/index.ts
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..293e0905f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/server/src/db/mongo/migration/index.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,25 @@
+import { migrateStatusWindowThreshold, MIGRATION_NAME as MIGRATION_0001 } from "./0001_migrateStatusWindowThreshold.js";
+import { migrateUsers, MIGRATION_NAME as MIGRATION_0002 } from "./0002_migrateUsers.js";
+import { Migration, IMigration } from "../../models/index.js";
+
+const runMigrations = async () => {
+	const migrations = [
+		{ name: MIGRATION_0001, migration: migrateStatusWindowThreshold },
+		{ name: MIGRATION_0002, migration: migrateUsers },
+	];
+
+	const migrationNames = migrations.map((m) => m.name);
+
+	const appliedMigrations = await Migration.find({ name: { $in: migrationNames }, success: true });
+
+	const migrationsToRun = migrations.filter((m) => !appliedMigrations.some((am: IMigration) => am.name === m.name));
+
+	for (const { name, migration } of migrationsToRun) {
+		console.log(`Running migration: ${name}`);
+		const success = await migration();
+		await Migration.updateOne({ name }, { $set: { runAt: new Date(), success } }, { upsert: true });
+		console.log(`Migration ${name} completed with status: ${success ? "success" : "failure"}`);
+	}
+};
+
+export { runMigrations };